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Griffes-de-sorcières

Carpobrotus edulis est une espèce de plante grasse de la famille des Aizoaceae. En français, elle est appelée Croc de sorcière, Griffe de sorcière, Doigt de sorcière, Doigt de fée, Ficoïde comestible ou Figuier des Hottentots. Son fruit est comestible.

Originaire d'Afrique du Sud, elle fut importée en Amérique et en Europe au début du XXe siècle pour l'ornement et pour la stabilisation des sols. De nos jours, elle est considérée comme invasive dans un certain nombre de pays connaissant un climat méditerranéen.

Although it may have arrived by ship as early as the 16th century,[7] [8] C. edulis was actively introduced in the early 1900s to stabilize dunes[7] and soil along railroad tracks; it was later put to use by Caltrans for ground cover along freeway embankments.[7] Thousands of acres were planted in California until the 1970s. It easily spreads by seed (hundreds per fruit) and from segmentation (any shoot segment can produce roots). Its succulent foliage, bright magenta or yellow flowers, and resistance to some harsh coastal climatic conditions (salt) have also made it a favored garden plant. The ice plant was, for several decades, widely promoted as an ornamental plant, and it is still available at some nurseries. Ice plant foliage can turn a vibrant red to yellow in color. Despite its use as a soil stabilizer, it actually exacerbates and speeds up coastal erosion. It holds great masses of water in its leaves, and its roots are very shallow. In the rainy season, the added weight on unstable sandstone slopes and dunes increases the chances of slope collapse and landslides.
The ice plant forms large monospecific zones.

The ice plant is still abundant along highways, beaches, on military bases, and in other public and private landscapes. It spreads beyond landscape plantings and has invaded foredune, dune scrub, coastal bluff scrub, coastal prairie, and, most recently, maritime chaparral communities. In California, the ice plant is found in coastal habitats from north of Eureka, south at least as far as Rosarito in Baja California. It is intolerant of frost, and is not found far inland or at elevations greater than about 500 ft (150 m).source wikipédia

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